Extraterrestrial Volcanoes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2069 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Environment Essay Level High school Tags: Volcano Essay Did you like this example? A volcano is defined, by NASA, as an opening on the surface of a planet or moon that allows material warmer than its surroundings to escape from its interior. While volcanoes are a generally thought of as a feature of Earth, there are plenty of other planets and even moons with a range of extinct, dormant, and active volcanoes in our solar system, and presumably in others as well. Once a feature has been officially defined as a volcano, it is then further classified into one of three designations, mons, tholus, and patera, based on their external presentation as defined by the International Astronomical Union, or IAU. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Extraterrestrial Volcanoes" essay for you Create order Montes are any mountains, while tholi are generally hills or small domical mountains, and paterae are irregular or complex craters with scalloped edges. The term volcano is pretty vague and many different variations on the feature can be found on a variety of different celestial objects throughout the solar system. Terrestrial Volcanoes There are four main types of volcanoes on Earth: cinder cone, composite, shield, and lava dome. Cinder cones are the simplest and happen when, over time, the lava that is spewed into the air rains back down and forms a cone with a bowl-like crater at the top. These volcanoes rarely peak much higher than 1,000 feet. Composite volcanoes are also known as stratovolcanoes and can reach thousands of meters tall. They have a system that allows for magma to be pulled from the mantle itself up to the surface, and often erupt violently, like Mount Saint Helens. Shield volcanoes are large and broad and resemble shields from above hence the name. The lava that pours out of these is thin, which allows it to travel easily down the shallow sides of the volcano, building up into many layers over thousands of small eruptions. Lava domes, or volcanic domes, are also caused by build up of lava over time, but this lava is thick, and the domes grow from the lava expanding within. These types are general ly more specific to terrestrial volcanoes, but they also serve as a base point for understanding extraterrestrial volcanoes, especially shield volcanoes. Planetary Volcanoes Mars Volcanoes can be found on all four of the terrestrial planets, but most of those found outside of the Earth are presumed to be dormant or extinct. Mars hosts the largest known volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, which is 624 km wide, which is comparable to the size of the state of Arizona, and 25 km high, whereas Mount Everest is a little under 9 km. Most volcanoes on Mars are significantly larger than those on Earth, which can be attributed to its lack of tectonic activity. Terrestrial volcanoes are created by the shifting, and subsequent crashing, of Earths tectonic plates over top of a hot spot within the somewhat liquid mantle, and as the plates move over the hot spot multiple volcanoes are fed. Mars does not have tectonic plates or a liquid mantle, and so significantly more magma is spewed out of a singular volcano, which then piles up into a larger and larger volcano. Martian volcanoes are assumed to be extinct since the estimate for the most recent eruption on the plane t was from Arsia Mons around 50 million years ago, at around the same time as the Cretaceousâ€Å"Paleogene extinction. Volcanic activity is an integral part of Martian history and composition, even if there has not been any recent activity. Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the solar system Artistic Rendition of a volcano erupting on Mars Arsia Mons, Mars last active volcano Venus Venus has three main types of volcanoes, two of which are found on other celestial bodies and one that is exclusive to Venus. The most prevalent volcanoes are shield volcanoes, but they tend to be wider and shorter than those on Earth and Mars, likely because of its dense atmosphere. Venus also has lava domes, but they are often referred to as pancake domes because they are significantly larger than those found on Eart, sometimes up to 100 times so. The volcanic feature that is found exclusively on Venus is called a corona, which is an upwelling of material from the mantle that contains and is surrounded by volcanoes and lava flows. There is plenty of evidence of past volcanic activity on Venus, but is also the only other planet in the solar system, aside from Earth, thought to be actively volcanic. Current volcanic activity on Venus would explain the frequent flux in sulfur dioxide above the clouds, as well as the bursts of radio energy that occasionally observed coming from the pla net, but until some volcanic activity is observed, Venus cannot be classified as active. Nasa Image of Sapas Mons, a Venusian Volcano An Image of Venuss Pancake Domes A Computer generated view of a Venusian volcano from 1995 Mercury Mercury has not been volcanically active for around 3.5 billion years, but there is proof on the planet of volcanoes in its past. Mercury has a very small mantle, which is the part of terrestrial planets that produce the energy needed for volcanic activity through radioactive decay, and so it lost its internal heat much faster and its volcanism much earlier than the other planets. However, there are extensive smooth plains on Mercury, similar to the Lunas maria, where, billions of years ago, lava flowed across the surface and filled in the depressions. These smooth plains prove that at one point there was volcanic activity on Mercury, even if it has long since ended. Lunar Volcanoes Luna The volcanoes on Luna, Earths very own moon, seem to have been dormant for about a billion years, but the maria covering a significant amount of the near side of the moon is proof that there once was volcanic activity. These seas are similar to large parking lots, paved over and flattened out by lava flows earlier in the Moons life. Their location solely on the near side of the Moon implies that the volcanic activity was impacted in some way by the Earth, and adds another layer to the relationship between the two celestial bodies. Recently there has also been the discovery of Irregular Mare Patches, or IMPs, which are smaller spots on Luna that appear to be the product of volcanic activity, but some seem to be as young as 50 million years old. These IMPs mean that there could have been active volcanoes on the Moon during the time of the dinosaurs, and changes our perspective on the evolution of Luna. This also means that the interior of the Moon is likely warmer and possibly less dea d than we previously believed. The darker sections are the maria, evidence of a volcanic history for Luna A close up of a volcano on Io, taken from the Galileo spacecraft Jupiters moon Io has a very colorful exterior due to its volcanism Io Io is the most volcanically active object in the Solar system and thereby has the youngest surface, which is ironic when considering that its fellow Jovian moon Callisto has the oldest. Ios volcanism is a product of its location, being the closest of the Galilean Moons to their host planet Jupiter. Tidal forces from Jupiter are competing with tidal forces from Ganymede and Europa, two of the other Galilean Moons that are in resonance with Io, and these fighting forces cause Ios orbit to be highly eccentric. This eccentric orbit causes Io to flex as it revolves around Jupiter, and this flexing heats the moon in a process known as tidal heating. This heat is what allows for Ios volcanism, although the specifics of how it works are still being researched. Cryovolcanoes There are also some places in space that have ice volcanoes, known as cryovolcanoes, that instead of spewing out molten rock erupt volatiles, which are chemical compounds and elements with low boiling points. Cryovolcanoes happen on items further out from the sun, where it is cold enough for their surface to freeze, and there are several theories on the different methods these objects use to keep their internal temperature high enough to contain liquid. One seen in most moons with cryovolcanoes is tidal friction that stretches the planet enough to warm its core and give it a liquid interior, but there are other possibilities as well. Enceladus Enceladus is a moon of Saturn, a possible home for life, and a host of what seems to be at least one cryovolcano. On its southern pole, the moon spews out a plume of mostly water from spots within its Tiger Stripes, which are four large, linear depressions on the surface of the planet. This liquid water is believed to come from an internal ocean under the icy outer layer of Enceladus, and it is believed that Saturns tidal friction is keeping it warm enough to remain in a liquid state. This cryovolcanic activity is actually the cause of Saturns E ring, as the water freezes into chunks of ice and begins to orbit Saturn along with Enceladus. Enceladus, Saturns 6 largest moon A false-color view of Enceladuss plumes Enceladus eruption as captured by Cassini Titans thick haze and nearly opaque atmosphere make it seem featureless A topographic computer model of Sotra Facula, an apparent cryovolcano on Titan The south pole of Triton, Neptunes largest moon An artists rendition of volcanoes on Triton Titan Titan is Saturns largest moon, the second largest moon in the solar system, the only moon in the solar system with a substantial atmosphere, and is also believed to have cryovolcanic activity. The thick haze surrounding the planet and its nearly opaque atmosphere make Titans surface very difficult to study, but recent flyby missions have suggested that volcanic activity is a highly likely possibility. Volcanic activity would explain the continuous supply of fresh methane found in Titans atmosphere, and what seems to be lava flow surrounding mountains on the moon. Although there is currently no concrete evidence that Titan has volcanic activity, or that it is of the cryo variety, there is no concrete evidence to prove the reverse, either. Triton Triton is the largest moon of Neptune, and when Voyager 2 did a flyby of the moon in 1989 it discovered that it, too, has cryovolcanoes that are spewing nitrogen and ice 8 km into space. Little is known about the internal workings of these volcanoes because of the moons distance from Earth, but it has been observed being actively cryovolcanic. Pluto When the New Horizons space probe was launched in 2006, astronomers expected to find Pluto and its moon Charon to be icy wastelands, just hunks of frozen rock floating out in the Kuiper Belt. They were shocked when they found a high level of geologic activity on the two objects, and evidence of possible cryovolcanoes. There are two obvious spots on Pluto that are being looked into as volcanoes, Wright Mons and Piccard Mons, which appear similar to Mars volcanoes. This is the first time features like this have been found on celestial bodies that are not terrestrial planets, and if they are indeed cryovolcanoes, this could change everything we know about them. Pluto, taken by the New Horizons space probe Wright Mons, a possible cryovolcano on Pluto Charon, as taken by the New Horizons space probe An Artists rendition of a cryovolcano on Charon Volcanoes are found on celestial bodies all throughout the solar system, and as space continues to be explored, new types of volcanoes are discovered. They differ in every possible way, from size to eruption composition, to formation, but they all tell a story about an active and constantly evolving solar system, and by extension, universe. Bibliography https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/volcanoes2/en/ https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/atlas/olympus-mons.html https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/rocks_metals/3_does_the_earth_move2.shtml https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/mars-volcano-earths-dinosaurs-went-extinct-about-the-same-time https://www.universetoday.com/27333/types-of-volcanoes/ https://hagablog.co.uk/demos/enceladus/volcanism/index.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-20081215b.html https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/12/101215-saturn-moon-titan-ice-volcano-nasa-science-pictures/ https://www.space.com/38383-ancient-moon-atmosphere-from-volcanoes.html https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/24nov_imps https://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/io-volcanoes-displaced.html https://astronomynow.com/2016/08/07/most-volcanic-activity-on-mercury-stopped-about-3-5-billion-years-ago/ https://geology.com/stories/13/venus-volcanoes/ https://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150708-the-volcanoes-found-in-space https://www.nasa.gov/feature/pluto-s-big-moon-charon-reveals-a-colorful-and-violent-history https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-think-they-found-enormous-volcanoes-plutos-surface-spew-ice-instead-lava-and-ash/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/possible-ice-volcano-on-pluto-has-the-wright-stuff

Bullying And The Community Is A Problem - 1500 Words

Bullying in the LBGT community is a problem. The cases where bullying leads to suicide is becoming a considerably growing issue with no sign of stopping. This is where schools can step in. There are a few bullying codes that state that bullying is unacceptable and if someone is accused of bullying, there are consequences that will be handed out but unfortunately, this code is not enforced. There is a misconception that liking the same sex is morally and ethically wrong and this is why bullying in the LBGT community is so common amongst the younger generation. Understanding different sexualities and enforcing anti-bullying rules are key to prevent bullying against LBGT members. Bullying that leads to suicide in the LBGT community Suicide. That word alone makes you pause for a moment. Bullying. This word on the other hand, does not convey the same emotion. The word bullying has a nonchalant tone that does not have the same impact on people the way suicide does. When bullying becomes the cause of a person’s suicide, the thought process behind bullying becomes a more serious matter. During adolescent years, you come across people who identify as a certain sexuality. In middle school and older, there are many students that consider themselves as LBGT, an immense of these students have been bullied to the point of contemplating suicide and even actually committing suicide. Being a member of the LBGT community should not be seen as a negative in this day and age. TheShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Problem That Has Affected Our Community1379 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is a problem that has affected everyone in the community. People are finding it necessary to address the rising issue of bullying. The eff ects of bullying have been a developing issue in the home, schools, and the community. Some individuals have said it is just kids having fun. However, it is not fun for the individual on the receiving end of the bullying. The issue of bullying can become an annoyance for the individual being bullied and others around them. The people who are witnessRead MoreBullying Is A Real Problem1065 Words   |  5 PagesBullying In this paper I will be talking about how bullying is a real problem in our world and in our schools today. There are so many ways of bullying now a days. Now that there is new technology people can use cyberbullying because they can say whatever they want, but they don t have to say it too there faces. They can just go online and use their words to hurt people. people. Then, there is the old school bullying like you see in the movies. The victim that is getting bullied is two afraidRead MoreHealth Promotion Planning Project : Bullying Among Children And Adolescents1651 Words   |  7 PagesPLANNING PROJECT 1 Health Promotion Planning Project: Bullying among Children and Adolescents Jacqueline Valladares Western Kentucky University HEALTH PROMOTION PLANNING PROJECT 2 One of the many health problems affecting children or adolescents today is bullying. Children who experience bullying reported that they got bullied by their looks, body shape, and/or race (Bullying 2015). One out of every four students (22%) report being bullied duringRead MorePersuasive Essay Bullying1200 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying in Schools Dog. That was one of my nicknames in elementary school. Human dictionary was another. Usually intelligence is something to be celebrated, but when you pair that with being awkward and overweight, it was a recipe for disaster. I was bullied in school by a group of boys for years. They would attack me verbally, mentally and emotionally. If anyone tried to be my friend, or showed any interest in me, they would also becomeRead MoreTeenage Suicide On The Rise Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagessolution than to end their life. It is estimated that, 42% of LGBT of youth have experienced bullying, and they are two to three times more likely to attempt suicide than other teens (BullyingStatistics.org, 2016). It’s very hard in this day and age to be young, and let alone to be young and identify as lesbian, gay, bi or transgender. In Los Angeles County, researchers estimate that 70.6% of teens have seen bullying occur in their schools, and 30% admit to doing it themselves (Juvonen, 2012). WhereasRead MoreBullying Is A Victim Of Bullying Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesBullying has been a major issue for years and in recent years, it has been getting progressively worse. According to StopBullying.gov, between 1 in 3 students in the US state have been a victim of bullying. I am currently interested in this topic because many of my clients are currently going through this. Bullying can affect just about anyone whether the person is getting bullied themselves, bullying others, or may have witnessed someone getting bullied (â€Å"Effects of Bullying,† n.d.). There is considerationRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1453 Words   |  6 PagesTake a Stand Against Cyber-bullying Imagine someone you love and care about is being bullied and no one took a stand in defending or uplifting them. This horrific form of bullying takes place all around the nation through the use of cellphones, computers, and social media, that generates fear and doubt among individuals that do not have the confidence to speak up for themselves. School officials should take a stand for kids who are victims of cyber-bullying and for those who are too frightened toRead MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesadults under the age of 18† (Khan).Juvenile delinquency can be caused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting arrested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinquency can be prevented by offering bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculums and mentoring programs. â€Å"If gangs are dealing drugsRead MoreBullying Is A Common Practice On School Grounds954 Words   |  4 Pages As a mother of two kids, bullying in schools is very important and personal subject to me. The problem is so extensive, lately it has been all over the media .According to research; bullying is when a person demonstrates an aggressive behavior and or constant toward another person. These behaviors are intended to hurt and intimidate the person physically, mentally and emotionally (stopbullying.gov 2015). Although many schools have been struggling to prevent bullying, data shows that is it a commonRead MoreBullying Is A Worldwide Problem894 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is a worldwide problem that has been going on for years whether in schools or online. Based off a power point by Laura Rizzardini, bullying is when someone â€Å"purposely causes harm†¦includes social exclusion, and the bully has more power than the victim.† There could many different logics to why bullies bully. Some reasons may include: it is a way to get attention, fit in with a certain group of people, or even that is the way they are treated at home so they do not know that it is not acceptable

Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management Financial Profitability

Question: Describe about the Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management for Financial Profitability. Answer: Introduction Growth of economy and wealth maximization is encouraged with the use of correct investments at corporate level. Accordingly, it is important to consider significant financial and economic elements of the company for the purpose of investment. Investment may be in the form of acquisition of assets, which includes the listed companies stocks, and shares that are traded publicly (Wang and Choi 2015). However, the investors are required to analyze the companies financial performance and position in which they want to invest. In view of this, the following report is structured to present the analysis of financial position and performance during the past three accounting years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The selected company is Xpress Holdings Limited, listed on Singapore Securities Exchange by examining several financial ratios on profitability, liquidity, investment and gearing. The report would also highlight the SWOT analysis on the overall performance of the companys business. Companys financial problems have also been identified and recommendation to deal with the same has been highlighted in the present report. Discussion Companys Background Xpress Holdings Limited, formed in the year 1986 was listed on the Singapore Securities Exchange on 28 June 1999. The company is engaged in providing the services on print management that includes the conceptualization, designing, printing, copywriting, distribution and delivery. The operating business locations of the company include China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Australia along with the headquarters at Singapore (Xpress.sg 2016). The company financial performance was observed to be $23.70 million in the year 2013 while that of $13.64 million in the year 2014. According to the reports the fall in revenue generation of the company was due to declining trend in the printing media sector. The companys earnings per share in the year 2013 were around 0.06 cents whereas the net asset value was 7.9 cents as at 31 July 2013 (Xpress.sg 2016). Financial Ratio Analysis Financial ratio is computed to analyze the overall financial performance of the organization using two relative accounting values. The analysis of financial ratios is conducted by the companies for taking better business decisions whereas by the investors for optimum portfolio management (Ma and Rath 2016). There are numerous financial ratios based on the accounting elements i.e. profitability, liquidity, investment and capital and financing. The following report presents the analysis of these ratios of Xpress Holding Ltd for the accounting year 2013, 2014 and 2015 as follows: Financial Ratio Worksheet for Xpress Holding Ltd (year 2013 to 2015) Formula Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Remarks A. Profitability [shows the companys ability and efficiency in generating profit] Gross profit ratio Gross profit x 100% Sales 56.57 % 36.50 % 64.80 % It can be observed that the companys gross profit ratio had a fluctuating trend. In the year 1 i.e. 2013 it had gross profit ratio of 56.57 which declined in the year 2014 and again increased in 2015 by 8%. Net profit ratio net profit x 100% Sales 4.37 % 0.00 % 2.60 % Net profit of the company in 2013 was highest whereas in the year 2014 the company incurred loss and in 2015 the company again earned profit but at lower percentage from that of 2013. Return on capital employed (ROCE) [CE=Equity+ Debt] net profit x 100% equity + debt 0.75 % 0.00 % 3.33 % However, the companys return on capital employed was increased in the year 2015 by 3% while in 2014 the company incurred loss. Return on assets (ROA) [TA= FA+CA] net profit x 100% Total Assets 0.62 % 0.00 % 1.54 % Return on assets in 2015 was the highest with an increase of around 1%. On the other hand, return on assets in 2014 was nil since the company incurred loss. Return on equity (ROE) net profit x 100% Equity 0.75 % 0.00 % 3.61 % Similarly, return of equity during the year 2014 was nil as the company incurred loss while the companys profitability increased in 2015. Accordingly, the return on equity increased to 3.61% in 2015. Formula Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Remarks B. Liquidity [shows the companys ability in repaying short term debt] Current ratio Current assets Current liabilities 2.71 times 0.62 times 1.10 times It can be observed from the computation that the companys current ratio was highest in 2013 whereas it was lowest in 2014. In 2015 the company had moderate current ratio that means Xpress had 1 times more current assets than the current liabilities. Quick ratio Current assets-inventories Current liabilities 2.55 times 0.54 times 0.97 times It has been observed that Xpress Ltd had most favorable quick ratio in the year 2013 which declined in 2014 and again increased in the year 2015. Stock turnover ratio [COGS=cost of goods sold] Closing inventory x 365days COGS 130 days 90 days 172 days As the high stock turnover ratio implies strong sales for the company, it can be observed that Xpress Ltd had strong sales in 2015. It had highest inventory turnover ratio in 2015 with 172 days whereas it was lowest in 2014. Debtors collection period A/R: acc receivable=debtor [refer to Notes] Trade A/R x 365 days Credit sales 583 days 143 days 151 days Debtors collection period is always considered to be better if it is short period. In case Xpress Ltd, company had 583 days collection period which is too long. However, the management could cut it short in later years which was best in 2014 with 143 days and again increased in 2015. Creditor payment periods A/P: acc payable=creditor [refer to Notes] Trade A/P x 365 days Credit purchases 497 days 872 days 1170 days Like debtor payment period, creditors payment period is also recommended to be of shorter period. The company had lowest payment period during the year 2013 and highest in 2015. C. Gearing (= Leverage) [shows the companys capital structure] Gearing ratio Debt equity 0.00 3.00 0.08 The company had lowest leverage ratio in the year 2013 which increased in 2014 but again declined in 2015. This trend reflects that company was not consistent with its capital employment structure. Debt ratio [TA= FA + CA] Debt Total Assets 0.00 0.04 0.04 Determination of debt ratio of the company reflects stable business in 2013 in which the ratio is lowest. On the contrary, the ratio in 2014 and 2015 was similar with a higher debt capital. Interest coverage ratio [interest = financial charges or expenses] Net Profit Interest Expenses 1.20 0.00 1.37 The interest coverage ratio in 2013 and 2015 signifies that the company had earned enough return to pay its debt interest. However, in the year 2014 due to huge losses, the company could not make enough money to pay its interest. D. Investment [shows the return to the companys investors] Earnings per share (EPS) [refer to P/L statement] Net profit No. of shares 0.06 cents (6.41) cents 0.01 cents The result of EPS shows that the company was profitable the most in 2013 and lowest in 2014 with negative EPS. On the other hand, Xpress Ltd had moderate EPS at the end of the year 2015 with 0.01 cents. Price earnings (PE) Market price of shares EPS 1.75 0.00 74.50 Price earnings ratio in the year 2015 reflects positive performance whereas moderate performance in 2013. However, due to net loss earned during the year 2014, the price earnings ratio of company was nil which reflected poor performance. Dividend per share [find out from the annual report] Total Dividend paid No of shares 0.00 cents 0.003 cents 0.00 cents The ratio of dividend per share reflects the negligible payment of dividend in the year 2014 while in 2013 and 2015 the company did not pay any dividend. Table 1: Ratio Analysis (Source: Created by author) Profitability ratio measures the ability of the companys performance during the year with respect to incur profits. The common ratios used to determine the performance are gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, return on capital employed and return on assets. Higher profitability ratios indicates favorable and efficiency of the company to generate maximum profit during the financial year (Vedd and Yassinski 2015). Profitability ratio enables the investors and creditors to examine the companys investment return based on the sources and assets. It reflects the efficiency of the company to generate profits from the operation by using the asset resources. Gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, return on capital employed and return on assets determine the capability of the company by using the net profit earned with the relative components of sale, capital amount and assets. In case of Xpress Holdings Limited, profitability ratio on gross profit reflects the positive performance, which is highest in the year 2015 while it was lowest in 2014. On the other hand, net profit ratio indicates the lowest performance in 2014, which signifies the overall poor performance as the company incurred huge losses. However, in 2013 and 2015 the net profit ratio reflected positive results but at lower percentage. Similarly, ratio of return on assets and capital employed reflected adverse performance in 2014 while it was highest in 2015. It indicates that the company was efficient to earn returns on its investments. Liquidity ratio signifies the companys capacity to pay off its liabilities and obligations that are of short term period. A higher liquidity ratio or a ratio more than 2 times is preferable better for the company (Zhang 2015). It states that the companys current assets are two times more than the liability values during the accounting year. Most common liquid ratios used to determine companys efficiency are current ratio, quick ratio, inventory turnover ratio, debtors and creditors payable ratio (Khan and Khokhar 2015). In case of Xpress Limited, liquidity ratio in the year 2013 was the best as it was more than 2 whereas in the year 2014 it was less than 1. It reflects that the company was not efficient in 2014 to meet its current debts with the invested current assets. However, in the year 2015 it was lower than 2 but higher than 1 which states that the companys payment position was better. On the other hand, companys inventory turnover period, receivables and payable reflected high er number of days that indicate unfavorable for the companys efficiency in converting cash and selling off the units or services. Gearing ratio and investment ratio of the company reveals the efficiency of company in managing the invested capital and providing expected returns to the investors. It is determined by using debt and equity employed by the company, payments made to the debt holders, payment of dividend and price earnings ratio (Wijaya 2015). It implies the risk of companys finance because in case the company use high amount of debt then it might face financial risk as capital structure. If the gearing ratio is high it indicates the company is highly leveraged and might put the company at risk. Since, the debt equity mix of Xpress Limited in 2013 was almost negligible it can be analyzed that the company was not leveraged and capital employment mix was not optimum. On the contrary, the earnings per share in the year 2015 were highest which reflected the favorable performance and good share price based on the earnings. Considering the financial data and information of Xpress Limited for the three financial years 2013, 2014 and 2015 it has been analyzed that the profitability generation in 2014 was the lowest whereas, profit on production was highest in 2015. Company earned higher net profit during the year 2013 but the profitability percentage was lower. On analysis the different ratios it can be said that the company has opportunities in future years to earn maximum profits and returns on investment (Saghi-Zedek and Tarazi 2015). Additionally, the companys strength was evaluated on managing its value of assets to meet the current obligation even during 2014 when company incurred huge loss. However, the company weakness and threat seemed to be in inventory conversion management, conversion of cash from credit sales as well as payment of credit purchase (MATTHEW, FADA and UKONU 2016). This is because the company reflected highest collection period in the year 2013 for receivables and in 2015 for pay ables. Recommendation on dealing with financial problem It has been observed that the company, Xpress Limited experienced certain unfavorable performance in the years 2014 and 2015. The most inefficient part was generation of net loss in the year 2014, which also reflected nil price earnings ratio. Since the gross profit in 2015 was higher than the net profit, percentage it is advised to the management that company should control its finance and administration costs to increase the net profitability. Similarly, the company is advised to control and manage its finance payables period and debt capital to maintain the leveraged form. In order to increase the earnings on shares for investors, the company should control its business expenses and increase the sales revenue. In the year 2013, the companys debt capital is less that reflects the gearing ratio at around 0.00% while in the year 2014 it was 3.00% and 0.08% in 2015. Therefore, it is recommended to the management to employ finance by borrowing debts to maintain the ratio at around 1.00 %. It will minimize the cost of capital employment and increase the profitability of the company. Comments on information released through financial press and internet on financial performance It can be noted that the company faced the decline due to several economic unfavorable situations during the year 2014 and 2015. Even thought the companys net profit in 2015 was less, its earnings on market value of shares was high that indicates the efficiency of company in paying off the expected return to the investors (Berger et al. 2016). Although, the company did not pay any dividend amount to the investors, its positive ratio on debt financing and interest coverage represents the better performance in 2015 as well as in future years. Conclusion Good and favorable financial performance is essential for a companys sustainability and growth. Companys existence and growth depends on its profitability, liquidity and proper management of capital employment to provide returns to the investors and other stakeholders. In case of Xpress Holdings Limited, the financial performance during the year 2014 and 2015 were not so efficient than that in the year 2013. However, it managed to regain the profitability back during the financial year 2015, which reflected the efficiency of company to meet its liabilities and other obligations. Xpress Ltds profitability ratio dropped in the year 2014 and again increased in the year 2015 that was achieved by maintain the sales revenue and controlling the production cost. In order to maintain the sustainability it is important to control the unnecessary production and administration cost. Apart from that, management of the company is required to manage the asset resources to generate maximum profitabi lity that assist in wealth maximisation for organizations and investors. Considering the favorable market conditions post 2014 financial year the management of Xpress Holding Limited expects to stabilize the revenue and requirements to improve the business performance. Reference List: Berger, A.N., Bouwman, C.H., Kick, T. and Schaeck, K., 2016. Bank liquidity creation following regulatory interventions and capital support.Journal of Financial Intermediation,26, pp.115-141. Khan, M.N. and Khokhar, I., 2015. THE EFFECT OF SELECTED FINANCIAL RATIOS ON PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF LISTED FIRMS OF CEMENT SECTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA.Quarterly Journal of Econometrics Research,1(1), pp.1-12. Ma, S. and Rath, S., 2016. Market Timing of New Equity Offerings: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms.Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,10(2), pp.23-53. MATTHEW, D.A.A., FADA, A. and UKONU, I.C., 2016. ROLE OF FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS IN ASSESSING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN THE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM OPERATIONS.Development,4(4). Saghi-Zedek, N. and Tarazi, A., 2015. Excess control rights, financial crisis and bank profitability and risk.Journal of Banking Finance,55, pp.361-379. Vedd, R. and Yassinski, N., 2015. The Effect of Financial Ratios, Firm Size Operating Cash Flows on Stock Price: Evidence from the Latin America Industrial Sector.Journal of Business and Accounting,8(1), p.15. Wang, X.J. and Choi, S.H., 2015. Stochastic Lot Sizing for Shareholder Wealth Maximisation under Carbon Footprint Management.Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information Vol,3(1). Wijaya, J.A., 2015. The Effect of Financial Ratios toward Stock Returns among Indonesian Manufacturing Companies.iBuss Management,3(2). Zhang, Z., 2015. Financial Ratios and Stock Returns on Chinas Growth Enterprise Market.International Journal of Financial Research,6(3), p.p135. Bibliography List: Baker, S.D., Hollifield, B. and Osambela, E., 2016. Disagreement, speculation, and aggregate investment.Journal of Financial Economics,119(1), pp.210-225. Barbulescu, M. and Hagiu, A., 2016. ASPECTS OF THE FINANCIAL RISK IN THE ROMANIAN ECONOMY VERSUS THE FRENCH ECONOMY-COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE AND ANALYSIS.Scientific Bulletin-Economic Sciences,15(1), pp.69-76. Calomiris, C.W. and Khan, U., 2015. An assessment of tarp assistance to financial institutions.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(2), pp.53-80. Guastaroba, G., Mansini, R., Ogryczak, W. and Speranza, M.G., 2016. Linear programming models based on Omega ratio for the enhanced index tracking problem.European Journal of Operational Research,251(3), pp.938-956. Jami, M. and Bahar, M.N., 2016. Analysis of Profitability Ratios to Evaluation of Performance of Indian Automobile Industry.Journal of Current Research in Science, (1), p.747. Kimbrough, E.O., Rubin, J., Sheremeta, R.M. and Shields, T.W., 2015. Commitment problems in conflict resolution.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,112, pp.33-45. Lashgari, M., 2015, January. RETURN ON COMMON STOCK. InAllied Academies International Conference. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies. Proceedings(Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 19). Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. Maxwell, S.L., Rhodes, J.R., Runge, M.C., Possingham, H.P., Ng, C.F. and McDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Madden, E., 2015. How much is new information worth? Evaluating the financial benefit of resolving management uncertainty.Journal of Applied Ecology,52(1), pp.12-20. Van den End, J.W., 2016. A macroprudential approach to address liquidity risk with the Loan-to-Deposit ratio.The European Journal of Finance,22(3), pp.237-253. Voss, G. and Prewysz-Kwinto, P., 2015. Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued OperationsEvaluation of LiquidityDetermination of Ratioor Necessity of Adjustment?.Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance,3(1), pp.13-21. Xpress.sg. 2016. XPRESS - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.xpress.sg/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2016].

The Understanding Of Prejudice Can Lead To Us Removing Of Racism And D

The understanding of prejudice can lead to us removing of racism and discrimination in our country. Stereotyping, or forming a set of characteristics thought to be common to all members of a certain group, leads to prejudice influencing the observer to be part of a group rather than an individual. Traits that go against the stereotype that could bring an end to prejudices, are ignored. The diversity movement claims that its goal is to halt racism and build acceptance of differences. But, someone cannot teach students that their identity is determined by skin color and expect them to become colorblind. Someone cannot be exposed to multiculturalism and expect students to see each other as individual human beings. Someone cannot teach the need for self-esteem while destroying the staff that makes it possible. Basically, the diversity movement is a complete contradiction of itself, because after all is said and done, we're back to where we started. Bibliography nope

Answers to Questions About Hyphens

Answers to Questions About Hyphens Answers to Questions About Hyphens Answers to Questions About Hyphens By Mark Nichol Here are several questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about hyphenation, followed by my responses. 1. Please help settle an ongoing debate in my office. We often use the phrase â€Å"City of Los Angeles-owned property.† Of the following examples, which, if any, is correct? a) City of Los Angeles-owned property b) City of Los Angeles -owned property c) City of Los Angeles owned property Of course we could change the wording to something like â€Å"property owned by the City of Los Angeles† but that would take the fun out of the debate! The correct answer is d), â€Å"none of the above.† If the reference were generic, â€Å"city-owned property† would be correct, but when a phrase that represents a single concept (such as â€Å"City of Los Angeles†) is attached to a one-word adjective to form a phrasal adjective that precedes a noun, an en dash is used in place of a hyphen to signal that the entire phrase, not just the final word in it, is being attached to the adjective: â€Å"City of Los Angeles–owned property† (not â€Å"City of Los Angeles-owned property,† which appears to suggest â€Å"Angeles-owned property having to do with the City of Los†). (Many readers will miss the subtlety of this convention, which is also little known among writers, even those in the journalism and publishing realms if you see an en dash, thank an editor! but it observes a useful distinction.) Even correctly rendered, however, the phrase is cumbersome. Now that the debate has been settled, relax the wording to â€Å"property owned by the City of Los Angeles.† 2. I recently wrote a hyphenated word, and the spell-checking program underlined it and took out the hyphen. So I replaced the hyphenated word and made it unhyphenated. To my great surprise, when I did that, the spell-checking program highlighted it again and put the hyphen back in! You say look it up? A very good idea, but if a spell checker can’t make up its mind, can we rely on different dictionaries having the same spellings as each other? That’s puzzling! But take solace in the fact that spell-checking programs will never prompt you to misspell a word; they just might prompt a variant spelling. And, no, dictionaries don’t always agree on the best variant, but they never lead one astray. Just use a single dictionary (and, if you write for a client or a company, find out which dictionary it prefers). 3. â€Å"The less-traveled road† is correct. Is a hyphen required for â€Å"the road less traveled†? No. As is usually the case, the hyphen is omitted when the phrasal adjective follows the noun. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive At"Certified" and "Certificated"8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Learn How Animals Are Classified

Learn How Animals Are Classified For centuries, the practice of naming and classifying living organisms into groups has been an integral part of the study of nature.  Aristotle (384BC-322BC) developed the first known method of classifying organisms, grouping organisms by their means of transport such as air, land, and water. A number of other naturalists followed with other classification systems. But it was Swedish botanist, Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus (1707-1778) that is considered to be the pioneer of modern taxonomy. In his book Systema Naturae, first published in 1735, Carl Linnaeus introduced a rather clever way to classify and name organisms. This system, now referred to as Linnaean taxonomy, has been used to varying extents, ever since. About Linnaean Taxonomy Linnaean taxonomy categorizes organisms into a hierarchy of kingdoms, classes, orders, families, genera, and species based on shared physical characteristics. The category of phylum was added to the classification scheme later, as a hierarchical level just beneath kingdom. Groups at the top of the hierarchy (kingdom, phylum, class) are more broad in definition and contain a greater number of organisms than the more specific groups that are lower in the hierarchy (families, genera, species). By assigning each group of organisms to a kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, they can then be uniquely characterized. Their membership in a group tells us about the traits they share with other members of the group, or the traits that make them unique when compared to organisms in groups to which they do not belong. Many scientists still use the Linnaean classification system to some extent today, but it is no longer the only method for grouping and characterizing organisms. Scientists now have many different ways of identifying organisms and describing how they relate to each other. To best understand the science of classification, it will help to first examine a few basic terms: classification - the systematic grouping and naming of organisms based on shared structural similarities, functional similarities, or evolutionary historytaxonomy - the science of classifying organisms (describing, naming, and categorizing organisms)systematics - the study of the diversity of life and the relationships between organisms Types of Classification Systems With an understanding of classification, taxonomy, and systematics, we can now examine the different types of classifications systems that are available. For instance, you can classify organisms according to their structure, placing organisms that look similar in the same group. Alternatively, you can classify organisms according to their evolutionary history, placing organisms that have a shared ancestry in the same group. These two approaches are referred to as phenetics and cladistics and are defined as follows: phenetics  - a method of classifying organisms that is based on their overall similarity in physical characteristics or other observable traits (it does not take phylogeny into account)cladistics  - a method of analysis (genetic analysis, biochemical analysis, morphological analysis) that determines relationships between organisms that are based solely on their evolutionary history In general, Linnaean taxonomy uses  phenetics  to classify organisms. This means it relies on physical characteristics or other observable traits to classify organisms and does consider the evolutionary history of those organisms. But keep in mind that similar physical characteristics are often the product of shared evolutionary history, so Linnaean taxonomy (or phenetics) sometimes reflects the evolutionary background of a group of organisms. Cladistics  (also called phylogenetics or phylogenetic systematics) looks to the evolutionary history of organisms to form the underlying framework for their classification. Cladistics, therefore, differs from phenetics in that it is based on  phylogeny  (the evolutionary history of a group or lineage), not on the observation of physical similarities. Cladograms When characterizing the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, scientists develop tree-like diagrams called cladograms. These diagrams consist of a series of branches and leaves that represent the evolution of groups of organisms through time. When a group splits into two groups, the cladogram displays a node, after which the branch then proceeds in different directions. Organisms are located as leaves (at the ends of the branches).   Biological Classification Biological classification is in a continual state of flux. As our knowledge of organisms expands, we gain a better understanding of the similarities and differences among various groups of organisms. In turn, those similarities and differences shape how we assign animals to the various groups (taxa). taxon  (pl. taxa) - taxonomic unit, a group of organisms that has been named Factors That Shaped High-Order Taxonomy The invention of the microscope in the mid-sixteenth century revealed a minute world filled with countless new organisms that had previously escaped classification because they were too tiny to see with the naked eye. Throughout the past century, rapid advances in evolution and genetics (as well as a host of related fields such as cell biology, molecular biology, molecular genetics, and biochemistry, to name just a few) constantly reshape our understanding of how organisms relate to one another and shed new light on previous classifications. Science is constantly reorganizing the branches and leaves of the tree of life. The vast changes to a classification that have occurred throughout the history of taxonomy can best be understood by examining how the highest level taxa (domain, kingdom, phylum) have changed throughout history. The history of taxonomy stretches back to the 4th century BC, to the times of Aristotle and before. Since the first classification systems emerged, dividing the world of life into various groups with various relationships, scientists have grappled with the task of keeping classification in sync with scientific evidence. The sections that follow provide a summary of the changes that have taken place at the highest level of biological classification over the history of taxonomy. Two Kingdoms (Aristotle, during 4th century BC) Classification system based on:  Observation (phenetics) Aristotle was among the first to document the division of life forms into animals and plants. Aristotle classified animals according to observation, for example, he defined high-level groups of animals by whether or not they had red blood (this roughly reflects the division between vertebrates and invertebrates used today). Plantae  - plantsAnimalia  - animals Three Kingdoms (Ernst Haeckel, 1894) Classification system based on:  Observation (phenetics) The three kingdom system, introduced by Ernst Haeckel in 1894, reflected the long-standing two kingdoms (Plantae and Animalia) that can be attributed to Aristotle (perhaps before) and added third kingdom, Protista that included single-celled eukaryotes and bacteria (prokaryotes). Plantae  - plants (mostly autotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes, reproduction by spores)Animalia  - animals (heterotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes)Protista  - single-celled eukaryotes and bacteria (prokaryotes) Four Kingdoms (Herbert Copeland, 1956) Classification system based on:  Observation (phenetics) The important change introduced by this classification scheme was the introduction of the Kingdom Bacteria. This reflected the growing understanding that bacteria (single-celled prokaryotes) were very much different from single-celled eukaryotes. Previously, single-celled eukaryotes and bacteria (single-celled prokaryotes) were grouped together in the Kingdom Protista. But Copeland elevated Haeckels two Protista phyla to the level of kingdom. Plantae  - plants (mostly autotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes, reproduction by spores)Animalia  - animals (heterotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes)Protista  - single-celled eukaryotes (lack tissues or extensive cellular differentiation)Bacteria  - bacteria (single-celled prokaryotes) Five Kingdoms (Robert Whittaker, 1959) Classification system based on:  Observation (phenetics) Robert Whittakers 1959 classification scheme added the fifth kingdom to Copelands four kingdoms, the Kingdom Fungi (single and multi-cellular osmotrophic eukaryotes) Plantae  - plants (mostly autotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes, reproduction by spores)Animalia  - animals (heterotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes)Protista  - single-celled eukaryotes (lack tissues or extensive cellular differentiation)Monera  - bacteria (single-celled prokaryotes)Fungi  (single and multi-cellular osmotrophic eukaryotes) Six Kingdoms (Carl Woese, 1977) Classification system based on:  Evolution and molecular genetics (Cladistics/Phylogeny) In 1977, Carl Woese extended Robert Whittakers Five Kingdoms to replace Kingdom bacteria with two kingdoms, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Archaebacteria differ from Eubacteria in their genetic transcription and translation processes (in Archaebacteria, transcription, and translation more closely resembled eukaryotes). These distinguishing characteristics were shown by molecular genetic analysis. Plantae  - plants (mostly autotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes, reproduction by spores)Animalia  - animals (heterotrophic, multi-cellular eukaryotes)Eubacteria  - bacteria (single-celled prokaryotes)Archaebacteria  - prokaryotes (differ from bacteria in their genetic transcription and translation, more similar to eukaryotes)Protista  - single-celled eukaryotes (lack tissues or extensive cellular differentiation)Fungi  - single and multi-cellular osmotrophic eukaryotes Three Domains (Carl Woese, 1990) Classification system based on:  Evolution and molecular genetics (Cladistics/Phylogeny) In 1990, Carl Woese put forth a classification scheme that greatly overhauled previous classification schemes. The three-domain system he proposed is based on molecular biology studies and resulted in the placement of organisms into three domains. BacteriaArchaeaEukarya

Parenting a Genius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parenting a Genius - Essay Example However, there are rare situations wherein the gift is a clear portrayal of superb talent at an early age. It does not only manifest as a mere potential because it enormously exceeds being above average. Hence, a gift becomes a miracle because it appears innate and needs less effort for its development. People argue that if all are given potentials, why do some individuals fail to develop their talents? The answer lies in the fact that while all people are bestowed with capabilities, not all have the passion for the enhancement of these capabilities. Talent and passion come hand in hand. Passion is the fuel that can nourish one’s talent. It is noteworthy, that there is a thin line that separates passion from talent. One may develop interest in an area which is far from his potentials. The stimulation of this passion is the key role that one’s environment plays. The surroundings contribute highly to a person’s development. One essential component of this environme nt is home, which includes the parents. Parents are primary caregivers and the ones mainly responsible for igniting a child’s passion. A harmonious parent-child relationship fosters positive environment. The resulting positivity at home is an atmosphere conducive for refinement of a child’s talents. ... It is his empathic nature that compelled him to choose not to win. The subliminal message of innocence and conscience transcends into the viewers. The film also contains a brief comparison of how a father and mother view their child. The father is eager for achievement like winning, while the mother is unconditional and focuses on his son’s feelings. In a heated argument, the mother is willing to take away her son for the sake of the latter’s freedom. Although, the difference between a father’s and a mother’s love cannot be generalized, it touches the fact that family dispute is unsuitable for a positive parent-child relationship. This, in turn, leads audience back to the realization that home is a key factor in the development of a person’s character. It is a common trend when a family’s passion is into music that the children become inclined to music as well. This is the case for David Helfgott, an Australian pianist, to whom the 1996 film Shine centered upon. Director Hicks made an effort to bring Helfgott to the audience through the exploration of the deep core and complexity of the human character. It is with Helfgott’s father, that we came to realize that parents are human beings too - imperfect and vulnerable to egotistical mechanisms. Amidst these parental flaws, what is more important is the parents’ ability to overcome such temptations. In the film Shine, the father tries associating his past through imposing tension upon his son. Helfgott’s father creates an authoritative ambiance which seemed to be suffocating. As a consequence, Helfgott entangled himself with the pursuit of freedom which ultimately led to an emotional collapse. The mental breakdown of Helfgott opened the viewers’